The Energy Transition in Field of Land Transport and its Role in Rationalizing Energy Consumption : the Chinese Experience as a Model

Abstract

This presentation aims to highlight the pivotal role of the energy transition in road transport systems by clarifying its concepts and its environmental, economic, social, and technological dimensions, analyzing the development of alternative energy sources such as electricity, hydrogen, and biofuels, and examining key innovations in vehicles and supporting infrastructure, while drawing on selected leading international experiences in sustainable transport. It also seeks to show how public policies and regulations, supported by scientific research and innovation, can serve as a fundamental lever for restructuring the road transport system in a way that ensures energy efficiency, reduces emissions, and improves quality of life in cities. The presentation reaches a set of findings, most notably that the energy transition can significantly improve energy consumption efficiency and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, with associated gains in energy security and a lower import bill, in addition to substantial reductions in emissions and local pollutants and improvements in public health and the urban environment. It further shows that the success of this trajectory requires integrated strategies that combine transport electrification, the expansion of renewable and hydrogen fuels, the promotion of mass and shared transport, and the adoption of appropriate financial and regulatory incentives, while ensuring a just transition and the participation of all stakeholders, ultimately leading to an intelligent, sustainable, and low carbon road transport system.